numerals of Sanskrit transformed into various ancient languages

See how the numerals of Sanskrit were transformed into various languages considered to be ancient during a course of time :

 Sanskrit        Zend              Greek         Latin       Gothic

Prat'hama    Frat'hema     prota            Prima           Fruma
Dwitiya         Bitya            Deutera     Altera           Ant'hara
Tritiya          Thritya         Trita           Tertia           Thridyo
Chaturtha     Tuirya          Tetarta        Quarta         Fidvordo
Panchama    Pugdha         Pempta       Quinta         Fimfto
Shasta          Cstva            Hekta         Sexta           Saishto
Saptama      Hapht'ha      Hebdoma    Septima       Sibundo
Ashtama      Astema         Ogdoa       Octava         Ahtudo
Navama       Nauma         Ennota      Nova             Niundo
Dasama       Dasema        Dekata      Decimate      Taihundo

The Tyrant Diaries

From the memoirs of a French adventurer who served at Tipu’s court

FRANCOIS GAUTIER

In December 8, 1988, an old trunk was discovered in the attic of the house of Elaine de la Taille Tretinville, who died at 91 in her 14th arrondissement flat in Paris.  She was a descendant of the family of Les Ripaud Montaudeverts. Among the contents was a manuscript in the hand of the most famous of the Montaudeverts—Francois Fidele Ripaud de Montaudevert. It starts with these words (in old French): “I, Francois Ripaud, am old today, but I want to tell you the true story of Tipu Sultan.”

Born in Saffre, northwestern France, in a middle-class family, Ripaud enrolled as a sailor, aged 11, on the Le Palmier. After many adventures, he settled in Mauritius, where he married and had two children. In 1797, hearing of Le Grand Tipu Sultan, he sailed from Mauritius (then called Ile de France) to Mangalore and sought a meeting with the sultan, promising “to raise a large force in Mau­ritius and put it at Tipu’s disposal”. Tipu, who had an early connection with the French, having been instructed in warfare by French officers in the employ of his father, jumped at the idea and gave Ripaud letters of credential. On August 19, 1798, Ripaud came back to Mauritius and made a proclamation seeking volunteers for an “expedition to travel to Mysore to assist Tipu in his resistance to British encroachment in south India”. It must be noted that, two months earlier, Napoleon had invaded Egypt and dreamt of establishing a junction with India against the British, so the governor of Mauritius received instructions to collaborate and Ripaud was able to sail to Mangalore with a shipload of French soldiers who were welcomed there like heroes.

Life at Tipu’s court was a dream for our hardy adventurer, but he began to have some misgivings. In his diary entry of January 14, 1799, he writes: “I’m disturbed by Tipu Sultan’s treatment of these most gentle souls, the Hindus. During the siege of Mangalore, Tipu’s soldiers daily exposed the heads of many innocent Brahmins within sight from the fort for the Zamorin and his Hindu followers to see.” Even so, he cast his doubts aside and put up for Tipu’s benefit a dem­onstration of the egalitarian political ideas of France: in 1799, a French paper entitled ‘Proceedings of a Jacobin Club formed at Seringapatnam by the French Soldiers in the Corps Commanded by Francois Ripaud’ was found in Tipu’s palace. It listed 59 Frenchmen in the pay of “citizen Tipu” and described a “primary assembly” of May 5, 1797, to elect a president (Ripaud) and other office-bearers. The ‘Rights of Man’ were proclaimed and the sultan formally received a small delegation from the club.

After this interval, we find another diary entry in which Ripaud is appalled at what he witnessed in Calicut (Kozhikode): “Most of the Hindu men and women were hanged...first mothers were hanged with their children tied to their necks. That barbarian Tipu Sultan tied the naked Christians and Hindus to the legs of elephants and made the elephants move around till the bodies of the helpless victims were torn to pieces.  Temples and churches were ordered to be burned down, desecrated and des­troyed. Christian and Hindu women were forced to marry Mohammedans, and similarly, their men (after conversion to Islam) were forced to marry Moha­mm­edan women. Christians who refused to be honoured with Islam were ordered to be killed by hanging immediately.” These events were corroborated by Father Bartholomew, a famous Portu­guese traveller, in his memoir, Voyage to East Indies.

Another diary entry of Ripaud says: “To show his ardent devotion and steadfast faith in the Mohammedan religion, Tipu Sultan found Kozhikode to be the most suitable place. Kozhikode was then a centre of Brahmins and had over 7,000 Brahmin families living there. Over 2,000 Brahmin families perished as a result of Tipu Sultan’s Islamic cruelties. He did not spare even women and children.”

A disgusted Ripaud left Seringapatnam and went back to France, where he obtained captainship of a fine fighting ship, the Shapho.On February 23, 1814, fighting an English frigate, Ripaud had his arm ripped off by a cannon ball. He died the same evening. Even the British, his arch enemies, gave a 21-cannon salute to this brave adventurer, once Tipu Sultan’s ‘Great White Hope’.

EGO

EGO

There was a pot maker in a small village.

Once, during Durga Pooja, he made plenty of idols,

loaded them onto the back of his donkey, and

walked to the town to sell them. On the way, people

would see the idols and fold their hands. The

donkey was nonplussed, but after a while, began

standing still, proudly, whenever people would fold

their hands. This went on till the pot maker reached

the town. By the evening, the pot maker had sold

all his idols and began his trip back to the village.

Whenever someone would pass them, the donkey

would stand still proudly, expecting people to wish

him, but this did not happen. The donkey kept

stopping and wouldn't understand why no one was

paying obeisance to him. The pot maker was

irritated for he couldn't understand the strange

behavior of his donkey. After trying to cajole and

force him to move, the man began beating up the

donkey.

This story applies to all those who carry

bloated egos. We are only carriers, not the object

that we are carrying. Responsibilities are gifted

to all of us by God, but we can only carry those for

some time. Why then, have ego for luggage?

- Anonymous

May be, if I were to lose my ego and let go

my luggage I would be so much happier ! A little

bit of humility and a dose of self realization that

we are all the same, each one has a different ability

and each one has a different responsibility could

make our lives so much more fulfilling.

The name given to you by your parents accompanies you till you depart.The adamantine wall that shuts us in is egoism; we refer every thing to ourselves, thinking I do this,that and the other.If we get rid of this puny I and stick to not I but YOU feel it and live it the entire ego will get dismantled and your movement will be advanced towards HIM.
Age,Ability and Abdication of EGO brings you respect.That accompanies you till the end because you din't aspire for it but you deserved it. That is the tradition and custom of this Dharma.
To be on carpet or to be on velvet or to be under a cloud or to be ill at ease you are not the reason, HE is accomplishing you or testing you and nothing in your hands. The only thing you have is to shun
your EGO and surrender to HIM. He is the right person to give Right Things ar Right Time. To give up the world is to forget the EGO and that will enable you to live in the body and not of it.

So I have decided that I would rather be a human being

than the donkey in the story above.

Better late than never! What about you?