Simhachala kshetramu
https://ramamohanraocheruku.blogspot.com/2019/04/simhadri-appanna-shrivaraha-lakshmi.html
https://ramamohanraocheruku.blogspot.com/2019/04/simhadri-appanna-shrivaraha-lakshmi.html
Shri
Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple is situated on the Simhachalam hill. The hill
range having the temple is a part of the Eastern Ghats and is named Kailasa. The temple is situated on the hill 800 meters (2,600 ft.) above the sea level at a distance of ten miles to the north
of Visakhapatnam. Simhachalam town is situated 300 meters below the temple. It
is located nearly North side to Visakhapatnam. It is dedicated to one of the
Hindu trinity deities Vishnu, who is worshipped there as Varaha Narasimha.
As per
the temple’s legend, Vishnu manifested in this peculiar form, with a boar head,
human torso and a lion’s tail, after saving his devotee Prahlada from his
father Hiranyakashipu. But we do not find any such reference in Puranas but
for, may be, in local Sthalapurana, which may be an insertion. Any ways the
legend attributed will not come closer to Vishnu
Purana, Varaha Purana or Bhagavata Purana. None of these Puranas say
about taking the peculiar form of Varaha Narasimha. Moreover In the middle of Nalamala
ghat range we find AHOBALA (Ahobilam) which contain the
evidences of Narasimha, Prahlada, Hiranyakasipu, Chenchulakshmi and so on. We
can find there Nava-Narasimha temples also there. (In its true sense TEMPLE does not denote what we call as Devalayamu, Kovela, Gudi,
Mandiramu etc. It is unfortunate to use temple as a substitute to these sacred
and meaningful words). The Sthalapurana also synchronizes with the Puranas
referred above.
Prior
to 11th century, Simhachalam’s deity was believed to be Shiva. The
notable ones were the unusual position of the deity’s idol, the gate at the
lower terrain named Bhairava Dwaram. There are two temple tanks Swami
Pushkarini near the temple and Gangadhara at the bottom of the hill. I could
not find in my trail to explore whether the name ‘Swami Pushkarini’ is adopted
from Tirumala or the name of the pool itself is that. If it is so as per
Niruktha and also what I heard from Sri Sri Sri Chandrasekhara Saraswati
Mahaswami ‘Swami’ is another name of Shanmukha. Then both the pools are related
to Lord Siva. There was time when the Idol was considered as Siva-Linga and
being worshipped as Siva by the devotees. After the advent of Swami Ramanuja in
11th century the temple was converted into a Vaishnavaite temple and
the religious practices and customs of the temple started following the lineage
shifted to Pancharatra Agama. The second temple tank being referred to with
the name Ganga-dhaara.
The temple
said to have been built in the 9th or the 10th century but I could not find any
evidence to that effect. However there are standing evidences which establishes
that the ‘Alayam’ was
extensively rebuilt in the 13th century however we can find the inscriptions of
11th century. There are 525 inscriptions in this temple, and the
earlier one dates back to 1087 A.D. as per the records. Actually this is the
period around which Swami Ramanuja visited this place. An inscription dated as
far back as 1098 AD of the Chola King Kuloththunga provides some clue as to its
antiquity. Another inscription shows a Queen of the Eastern Ganga of Kalinga
(ancient Orissa) (1137-56 AD) covering the image with gold while a third
inscription says the eastern Ganga King of Orissa, in 1267 A.D. Narasimha Deva,
built the main/central shrine . So all the evidences
Compel
to conclude that things started getting altered in 11th century.
Except
on Akshaya Tritiya, the idol of Varaha Narasimha is covered with sandalwood
paste throughout the year, making it resemble a Shiva Lingam. Actually Akshaya
Tritiya signifies the birth of Parashurama and a tithi dearer to Goddess
Lakshmi. Though Parashurama is incarnation of Lord Vishnu he is a staunch
devotee of Lord Siva. It is the only incarnation where the artist uses
‘Vibhuti’
Confirming
the Shastra – Slokas
Aakaasaat patitam toyam yathaa gacchati sagaram
Aakaasaat patitam toyam yathaa gacchati sagaram
Sarva deva
namaskaram kesavam prathigacchati
Any God worshipped in any form will be the same
one who is,
All-pervading omnipotent omnipresent and
omniscient like the rain drops gradually becomes a huge river and culminates
into the sea.
Sivaya
vishnuroopaaya sivaroopaaya vishnave
Sivasya hridayam
Vishnuh Vishnoscha hridayam Sivah
Consider no distinction between Siva and
Vishnu. Worship 5them as you like. While Vishnu is the heart of Siva, Siva is
the heart of Vishnu. The similes are just to make us understand. They are not
human beings having hearts which may be subjected to operation. Moreover
Goddess Lakshmi is the feminine form of Lord Siva as both of them shower
prosperity. (‘Sam’ in Sankara is prosperity and Lakshmi is also prosperity). All
these things convey us not to take sides as it will tantamount to an incongruous
act. With all the
above explanation are these customs of the temple look odd for anybody who
knows about Puranas.
Now we
come to the argument put forth by Sri Ramanujacharya. Ramanuja argued that the
idol of Varaha Narasimha is in a posture in accordance with the Pancharatra
Agama rules. Pancharatra Agama rules are for a particular set of Vishnavas. How
can they be acceptable to the Vaidics or Smarthas? While Smarthas believe in
one God of any form, even male or female, Vaishnavas consider only Vishnu as
God. More over Vishnavas are mainly divided into ‘thenkalai’ vadakalai’ ‘vaikhanasa’
who have their own systems and ritualistic procedures.
You
can see the 21st October ‘Swarajya’ for the order given by Madras
High Court to stop the recital of Nalayira Prabandham till further orders at
Kanchi Varadaraja Kovil. (Swarajyamag.com, Oct21 2018)This is the unity and
uniformity they have. Another strange thing is that Sri Ramanuja
added that Kamadahana is celebrated here for the temple’s purification as per
the Sishtachara traditions. Every temple barring one or two follow sishtachara
tradions only irrespective of it’s being Siva or Vishnu Alaya. Bairava is
neither the guardian of the Bhairava Dwaram nor worshipped as one. Bhairava is
always the guard of Lord Siva. We can take the example of Varanasi. When this
is the truth what argument, Srimad Ramanuja would have put forth to forefeet
the arguments of the scholars at Simhachalam.
The only possibility is this. During his period the then kings were
divided into two and while some patronized saivism, some Vaishnavism some
patronized smarthism (they belive in whatever form he is, God is one.) Bhagavad
Ramanuja would have approached the kings who worshiped him as there guru and
got the work done.
Let us
come to the next point. Varaha Narasimha’s idol, when covered with sandalwood
paste, resembles a Shiva Lingam. Ramanuja took personal possession of the
temple and ordered the priests to remove the paste. The conversion work began and before
completion, the idol started bleeding.
Feeling the deity’s anger for violating the rule, sandalwood paste was
applied again which stopped the bloodstream.
They presumed that the deity wished to look like a Lingam and continued
the tradition except for one day. If this is true what is it envisaging? Is it
not advising us to trust in God who has no specific form and pure bhakti is the
only important component for a Bhakta to realize God. This is nothing other
than Advaita.
Sri
Krishna Deva Raya after defeating the Gajapati Prataparudra Dev of Orissa, visited
the shrine twice in 1516 AD and 1519 AD and offered numerous villages for
maintenance of worship along with valuable jewelry of which an emerald necklace
is still in the temple.
Shiva’s
manifestation Tripurantaka is the kshetrapala (guardian deity) of Simhachalam. Tripurantaka
and his consort have a temple dedicated to them which is located on the way to
ganga-dhara. It is one of the oldest South Indian temples dedicated to this
deity. Bhairava was believed to be much fierce than Narasimha. Notwithstanding
whether the above statement is true or not, the guardian deity is identified
with Bhairava, a fierce manifestation of Bhairava. Then how that Tripurantaka
emerged as the kshetrapalaka?
Simhachalam
temple resembles a fortress from outside with three outer courtyards and five
gateways. The five gateways denote the five heads of Lord Siva. This fact
cannot be scored out by any argument.
Near
the entrance, the footprints of Hindu saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu installed by
Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati in the year 1930 can be seen. Once the shrine is
converted people, top to bottom follow it with all fervor and cannot there be
any difference of opinion.
In the
Mukha mandapa (main hall), there is a pillar named Kappam Stambham (The Telugu
word kappam means paying tribute in English) which is believed to have curative
powers. It is consecrated using the
Santana Venugopala Yantra and is known to grant unfulfilled wishes especially for
the couple craving for children.
The
moolavirat of Varaha Narasimha is kept in a separate hall named Prahlada
mandapa. The mandapa might have been named after conversion. In its original
form, the idol of Varaha Narasimha is two and a half feet tall. The deity
stands in a tribhanga posture with a boar’s head, a human torso and a lion’s
tail. About this I have explained at the
bigining itself. On either side of the deity, the idols of Sridevi and Bhudevi
holding lotus flowers are seen. Certainly these would be crafts created by the
sculptor to add strength to the conversion. The sculpture of Varaha Narasimha
has no ornaments and drapery carved on the body. The moolavirat is covered with
sandalwood paste imported from Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu. Why Srivilliputhur?
I could not find any specific reason except that it is the birth place of
Periyalwar and Andal and hence the followers of Vaishnavism will be more where
from the people of Simhachalam can acquire Vaishnavic knowledge from them
sustaining unbroken communication.
After
application of the sandalwood paste, the moolavirat resembles a four feet tall
Shiva Lingam. There is enough space for
the devotees to offer pradakshinas (circumambulations) to the deity inside the
Prahlada mandapa. There are only four main ornaments used in the temple: a
Thirunamam made of diamonds and rubies, a chain of emeralds, a 100-tola gold bracelet,
and a golden crown.
Simhachalam
temple found many literary references and lyrical works dedicated by anonymous
writers; some of the latter are preserved in the Government Oriental
Manuscripts Library, Chennai. The earliest known literary mention of the temple
is found in Lakshmi Narasimhapurana written by Telugu poet Yerrapragada of 14th
century. A devotee by name Krishnamacharyulu wrote devotional vachanas (prose)
in praise of Varaha Narasimha of Simhachalam. Krishnadevaraya mentioned his
visit to Simhachalam in his epic poem Amuktamalyada. The king’s visit was also documented
by poets Allasani Peddana and Dhurjati in Manucharitra and Krishnaraya Vijaya
respectively. All the record is available after conversion of the Devalaya.
Chandanotsava
(sandalwood festival), also known as Chandan Yatra, is the most important
festival celebrated in the temple. It is celebrated on the festival day of
Akshaya Tritiya (April – May) in accordance to the temple’s legend. On this day, the Sandalwood paste, commonly
referred to as Chandanam, covering the moolavirat throughout the year is
removed on that day and as a result, devotees could see the original form of
the deity’s idol for 12 hours once in the whole year. That is now being
continued as a tradition.
Kamadahana
is another significant festival which occurs on the full moon day in the month
of Phalguna. It is considered as an auxiliary festival which not specified by
ancient texts of the temple. Followers of Sri Vaishnavism consider Kamadahana
as a self-purification ceremony. Kama dahanam is specific to Lord Siva. Madana
Damana is the epithet he has. Moreover ‘Kama’ is the son of lord Vishnu.
The
architecture of this temple is a mixture of the styles of the Kalinga, Chalukya
and the Chola. The temple faces west instead of east, signifying victory.
Let us
also touch a little of Sthapatya Sastra and know what it says. Simhachalam
during the 11th century was not part of Vishakhapatnam. Its name was
Adavipuram. Even today the natives sustain
the same name on their tongues. As I
heard, for this village the Alayam is to the north and the deity is facing
south.
According
to Alaya sthapatya sastra, the temple of Vishnu should face the village, while
that of Narsimha should have its back to the village. The temple of Shiva
should face outward, except if it is built in the east or west, in which case
it should face the village. As for the temples of other god, they may face any
direction. This itself confirms that the Deity of the Alayam is Lord Siva.
This
is not the only Alayam maneuvered for conversion. Even in Tirumala for Venkateswara also the
same thing happened. No Vishnu Alaya deity will have Eshwara added to his name.
More over Venkata is not a Sanskrit word whereas Eshwara is Sanskrit. As such
there should not exist any ‘Sandhi’ in between these two words.
‘Venkata’
is a derivative of the Tamil word ‘Vengadam’. While ‘Vem’ is to sins ‘gadam’ is
to cut. Hence Venkateswara means one who erases all our sins. Conversion of
this temple also took place in 11th century only. Prior to that The
Idol was being worshipped as Siva for six months and Vishnu for six months. For
this also, like in the case of Simhachalam the Kshetra Palaka is Lord Siva.
These
are all past and we cannot and need not revive them for any sort of dispute for
the reason, worshiping in any form of
God will ultimately reach him only says Advaita. Here, with all grief, one
truth I will tell you. The Various types of Vaishnava Mathadhipatis who are
called jiyyars, do not visit Lord Ganesha, whom Siva Purana, Linga Purana says
to be the son Lord Siva, even if the Idol remains in the same precinct of Lord
Venkateswara or any other Vaishnava Alayas constructed nowadays for communities. As Knowledgeable readers do
you think their practice is correct?
However
my intention of writing the article is to convey the message of harmony and
integrity and not disharmony and dis-integrity. I also request my dear human
society members not be carried away by the pompous God-men. Have trust in God of
any form, worship him with total devotion, dedication and fervor and that helps
you to be free from worries and gain solace.
Swasti.
The inspiration to write this article is the information provided in the Wikipedia on Simhachalam. From the core of my heart I acknowledge my dear friend (name anonymous) for helping to obtain certain information in the article.
The inspiration to write this article is the information provided in the Wikipedia on Simhachalam. From the core of my heart I acknowledge my dear friend (name anonymous) for helping to obtain certain information in the article.